Many locations are seen in the Haikyū!! manga and anime, some based on real-life locations and some fictional.
Schools

Karasuno High School
Karasuno High School
Karasuno High School (烏野高校) is a fictional public high school, located in Miyagi Prefecture in Northern Japan. The school is based on the real-life Karumai High School in Iwate Prefecture.

Aoba Johsai High School
Aoba Johsai High School
Aoba Johsai High School (青葉城西高校) is a fictional private high school, located in Miyagi Prefecture.

Date Tech High School
Date Tech High School
Date Tech High School (伊達工業高校) is a fictional high school, located in Miyagi Prefecture. The school is named after the historical Japanese figure Date Masamune.

Shiratorizawa Academy
Shiratorizawa Academy
Shiratorizawa Academy (白鳥沢学園) is a fictional private high school, located in Sendai, the capital of Miyagi Prefecture. It is based on real-life Tohoku High School.

Nekoma High School
Metropolitan Nekoma High School
Metropolitan Nekoma High School (都立音駒高校) is a fictional high school, located in Nerima Ward of Tokyo.

Shinzen High School
Shinzen High School
Shinzen High School (森然高校) is a fictional high school, located in Saitama Prefecture. It is based on Karumai Middle School, in Iwate Prefecture.
Gymnasiums

Sendai City Gymnasium
Sendai City Gymnasium
Sendai City Gymnasium (仙台市体育館) is a real-life gymnasium located in Sendai. Its name was changed to Kamei Arena Sendai in July 2016.

Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium
Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium
Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium (東京体育館) is a real-life sports stadium, located in Sendagaya, Shibuya, Tokyo.

Sumida City Gymnasium
Sumida City Gymnasium
Sumida City Gymnasium (墨田区総合体育館) is a real-life gymnasium located in Sumida Ward, Tokyo.

Ajinomoto National Training Center
Ajinomoto National Training Center
Ajinomoto National Training Center (味の素ナショナルトレーニングセンター) is a real-life athletes training center, located in Kita Ward, Tokyo.

Ariake Arena
Ariake Arena
Ariake Arena (有明アリーナ) is a real-life a multi-sport venue located in Ariake, Tokyo.
Train Stations

Tokyo Station

Sendai Station
Tokyo Station
Tokyo Station (東京駅) is a real-life train station located in Tokyo. It is Tokyo's main intercity rail terminal and Japan's busiest station (in terms of number of trains per day).
Sendai Station
Sendai Station (仙台駅) is a real-life train station located in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture.
Other

Sakanoshita Market
Sakanoshita Market
Sakanoshita Market (坂ノ下商店) is a fictional store located near Karasuno High School.

Shimada Mart
Shimada Mart
Shimada Mart is a fictional supermarket.

Tokyo Skytree
Tokyo Skytree
Tokyo Skytree (東京スカイツリー) is a real-life broadcasting and observation tower located in Sumida Ward, Tokyo.